Adatero Abdullah

Chuma cha Vietnam ndi cha 44 padziko lonse lapansi ndipo kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1980 dziko la Vietnam lasintha kwambiri kuchoka pazachuma chapakati mothandizidwa ndi chuma chokhazikika pamsika.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti ilinso imodzi mwa chuma chomwe chikukula mofulumira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, chomwe chikuyembekezeka kukula kwa GDP pafupifupi 5.1%, zomwe zingapangitse chuma chake kukhala cha 20 padziko lonse lapansi pofika chaka cha 2050.

Nditanena izi, mawu osangalatsa padziko lonse lapansi ndikuti Vietnam yatsala pang'ono kukhala imodzi mwamalo opangira zinthu zazikulu ndi kuthekera kolanda China ndikupita patsogolo kwachuma.

Makamaka, Vietnam ikukwera ngati malo opanga zinthu m'derali, makamaka m'magawo monga zovala za nsalu ndi nsapato ndi zamagetsi.

Kumbali inayi, kuyambira zaka za m'ma 80s China yakhala ikugwira ntchito ngati malo opangira zinthu padziko lonse lapansi ndi zida zake zazikulu, ogwira ntchito komanso mafakitale.Chitukuko cha mafakitale chapatsidwa chidwi kwambiri pomwe mafakitale omanga makina ndi zitsulo alandila patsogolo kwambiri.

Ndi ubale pakati pa Washington ndi Beijing pakugwa kwaulere, tsogolo launyolo wapadziko lonse lapansi ndilocheperako.Ngakhale mauthenga osayembekezeka a White House akupitilira kudzutsa mafunso okhudza momwe ndondomeko yazamalonda yaku US ikuyendetsera, mitengo yankhondo yamalonda ikugwirabe ntchito.

Pakadali pano, kugwa kwa lamulo lachitetezo cha dziko la Beijing, lomwe likuwopseza kukakamiza kudziyimira pawokha kwa Hong Kong, kuyikanso pachiwopsezo chamgwirizano womwe udali wosalimba kale pakati pa mayiko awiriwa.Osatchulanso kukwera kwamitengo yantchito kumatanthauza kuti China idzatsata bizinesi yotsika mtengo kwambiri.

Kuyipa kumeneku, komwe kumaphatikizidwa ndi mpikisano wopeza zida zamankhwala ndikupanga katemera wa COVID-19, kukupangitsa kuunikiranso kwaunyolo wanthawi yake womwe umakhala ndi mwayi kuposa china chilichonse.

Nthawi yomweyo, kuthana ndi COVID-19 ndi China kwadzetsa mafunso ambiri pakati pa maulamuliro akumadzulo.Pomwe, Vietnam ndi amodzi mwa mayiko oyambira kuti achepetse njira zothanirana ndi anthu ndikutsegulanso anthu ake kuyambira Epulo 2020, pomwe mayiko ambiri akungoyamba kuthana ndi kuuma komanso kufalikira kwa COVID-19.

Dziko likudabwa ndi kupambana kwa Vietnam panthawi ya mliri wa COVID-19.

Chiyembekezo cha Vietnam ngati malo opangira zinthu

Potsutsana ndi zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi, kukwera kwachuma kwa Asia - Vietnam - kuli pafupi kukhala nyumba yotsatira yopanga mphamvu.

Vietnam yakhala ngati mdani wamphamvu kuti atenge gawo lalikulu padziko lapansi pambuyo pa COVID-19.

Malinga ndi Kearney US Reshoring Index, yomwe imafanizira zomwe zimapangidwa ku US ndi zomwe zimagulitsa kuchokera kumayiko 14 aku Asia, zidakwera kwambiri mu 2019, chifukwa chakutsika kwa 17% kwazinthu zaku China.

Bungwe la American Chamber of Commerce ku South China lidapezanso kuti 64% yamakampani aku US kumwera kwa dzikolo akuganiza zosamukira kumayiko ena, malinga ndi lipoti la Medium.

Chuma chaku Vietnam chidakula ndi 8% mu 2019, mothandizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zotumiza kunja.Akuyembekezekanso kukula ndi 1.5% chaka chino.

Kuneneratu kwa Banki Yadziko Lonse muzovuta kwambiri za COVID-19 kuti GDP ya Vietnam idzatsika mpaka 1.5% chaka chino, zomwe zili bwino kuposa oyandikana nawo ambiri aku South Asia.

Kupatula apo, kuphatikiza kulimbikira, kuyika chizindikiro cha dziko, ndikupanga malo abwino azachuma, Vietnam yakopa makampani / mabizinesi akunja, kupatsa opanga mwayi wopezeka m'malo amalonda aulere a ASEAN ndi mapangano okondana ndi mayiko aku Asia ndi European Union, komanso ku USA.

Osanenapo, posachedwa dzikolo lalimbitsa kupanga zida zachipatala ndikupereka zopereka kumayiko omwe akhudzidwa ndi COVID-19, komanso ku USA, Russia, Spain, Italy, France, Germany, ndi UK.

Chitukuko china chatsopano ndi kuthekera kopanga makampani ambiri aku US kuchoka ku China kupita ku Vietnam.Ndipo gawo la Vietnam la zobvala zakunja zaku US zapindula pomwe gawo la China pamsika likutsika - dzikolo lidapitilira China ndikuyika omwe amagulitsa zovala zapamwamba kwambiri ku US mu Marichi ndi Epulo chaka chino.

Zambiri pazamalonda aku US za 2019 zikuwonetsa izi, zomwe Vietnam idatumiza ku USA idakwera ndi 35%, kapena $17.5 biliyoni.

Kwa zaka makumi awiri zapitazi, dzikoli lakhala likusintha kwambiri kuti likwaniritse mafakitale osiyanasiyana.Vietnam yasiya chuma chake makamaka chaulimi kuti ikhazikitse chuma chokhazikika pamsika komanso chokhazikika pamafakitale.

Bottleneck kuti agonjetse

Koma pali zovuta zambiri zomwe ziyenera kuthana nazo ngati dzikolo likufuna kugwirizana ndi China.

Mwachitsanzo, chikhalidwe cha Vietnam chokhala ndi makampani otsika mtengo opangira ntchito chikhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo - ngati dzikolo silikuyenda bwino, mayiko ena m'chigawo monga Bangladesh, Thailand kapena Cambodia nawonso akugwira ntchito zotsika mtengo.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndi kuyesetsa kwakukulu komwe boma likuchita kuti abweretse ndalama zambiri pakupanga zida zamakono ndi zomangamanga kuti zigwirizane ndi ntchito zapadziko lonse lapansi, ndi makampani ochepa chabe a mayiko osiyanasiyana (MNCs) omwe ali ndi ntchito zofufuza ndi chitukuko (R&D) ku Vietnam.

Mliri wa COVID-19 udawululanso kuti Vietnam imadalira kwambiri kutulutsa zinthu kuchokera kunja ndipo imangotenga gawo lopanga ndi kusonkhanitsa zinthu zotumizidwa kunja.Popanda makampani othandizira obwerera m'mbuyo, lingakhale loto lolakalaka kukwaniritsa kukula ngati China.

Kupatula izi, zopinga zina ndi monga kukula kwa dziwe la anthu ogwira ntchito, kupezeka kwa ogwira ntchito aluso, kuthekera kothana ndi kutsanulidwa kwadzidzidzi pakufunika kwa kupanga, ndi zina zambiri.

Bwalo lina lalikulu ndi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono, ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati aku Vietnam (MSMEs) - okhala ndi 93.7% yamakampani onse - amangokhala m'misika yaying'ono kwambiri ndipo sangathe kukulitsa ntchito zawo kwa anthu ambiri.Kuzipangitsa kukhala malo ovuta kwambiri munthawi yamavuto, monga mliri wa COVID-19.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti mabizinesi abwerere m'mbuyo ndikuwunikanso njira yawo yokhazikitsira - popeza dzikolo likadali ndi ma kilomita ambiri kuti likwaniritse mayendedwe a China, kodi zitha kukhala zomveka kupita ku 'China-plus-one'. strategy m'malo?